delta variant spike protein  (ACROBiosystems)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Scheme for vaccination series and subsequent systems serology analysis. Participants who received two doses of the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac were boosted with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. As controls, the two-dose mRNA vaccine recipients were also analyzed. Sera were collected at various time points and systems serology assays were conducted (see Table for specific days of sample collections). B Spike- (left) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (right) specific IgG1 levels for SARS-CoV-2 WT and early VOCs (Alpha and Beta) were quantified in the baseline (prior to immunization, white, lane 1), 1- and 2-dose BNT162b2 mRNA (blue, lanes 2 and 3, waning periods in lanes 4 and 5), 1- and 2-dose CoronaVac (gray, lanes 6 and 7, waning periods in lanes 8 and 9) via Luminex systems serology. Y -axis represents the MFI of binding in arbitrary units (A.U.) of a specific antigen. Shown are box and whiskers, along with individual data points, which represent the mean of individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). The whisker above the box plot extends from the top quartile to the highest actual value that is within the 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. The whisker below the box plot extends from the lower quartile to the lowest actual value that is within 75 th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. C Same as ( B ), but for latter VOC (Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) of SARS-CoV-2 VOC. All samples were assayed in technical duplicates. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for all panels (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All Kruskal–Wallis tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. See also Supplementary Fig. . Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant RBD , Sino Biological , 40592-V08H115.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Luminex, Whisker Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – D FcR antibody binding towards WT SARS-CoV-2 Spike was quantified in the baseline (prior to immunization, white, lane 1), 1- and 2-dose BNT162b2 mRNA (blue, lanes 2 and 3, waning periods in lanes 4 and 5), 1- and 2-dose CoronaVac (gray, lanes 6 and 7, waning periods in lanes 8 and 9) via Luminex systems serology. Y-axis represents the MFI of binding full-length WT SARS-CoV-2 Spike. Shown are box and whiskers, along with individual data points, which represent the mean of individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). The whisker above the box plot extends from the top quartile to the highest actual value that is within the 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. The whisker below the box plot extends from the lower quartile to the lowest actual value that is within 25th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. ( A ) FcγRIIA, ( B ) FcγRIIB, ( C ) FcγRIIIA, and ( D ) FcγRIIIB. E – H Same as ( A – D) , but for SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Note that Y -axis scales are not the same. All samples were assayed in technical duplicates. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for all panels (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All Kruskal–Wallis tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. The samples were assayed in technical duplicates. See also Supplementary Fig. for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and control results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant RBD , Sino Biological , 40592-V08H115.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Luminex, Whisker Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Spike-specific IgG1 levels were measured at peak immunogenicity following the two-dose CoronaVac vaccination series (lane 1), during waning periods (lanes 2 and 3), and after mRNA boost (lane 4) for SARS-CoV-2 VOC (color legend shown on right). The Y -axis represents the MFI of the Spike from the VOC. Shown are means (solid line) with SEM for each VOC in the corresponding color in the shaded region. B Same as ( A ), but for the receptor-binding domains (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 VOC. C Heatmap representation of binding for full-length Spike by antibody-subclasses and -isotypes and Fcγ-receptor complexes. Shown on the left are the description of CoronaVac doses, the subsequent waning period, and mRNA-vaccine booster, and on the right are the SARS-CoV-2 VOC or WT. The scale bar is shown to the right of the heatmap and represents MFI over baseline values. The values in each region represent the mean of values from individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). D Same as ( C ), but for the RBD of WT SARS-CoV-2 and VOC. The samples were assayed in technical duplicates. See also Supplementary Fig. . Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant RBD , Sino Biological , 40592-V08H115.

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A (Left) Antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) activities measured in fluorescent arbitrary units (A.U.) against the WT SARS-CoV-2 Spike (left) and Omicron Spike were quantified in the baseline (prior to immunization, white, lane 1), 1- and 2-dose BNT162b2 mRNA (blue, lanes 2 and 3, waning periods in lanes 4 and 5), 1- and 2-dose CoronaVac (gray, lanes 6 and 7, waning periods in lanes 8 and 9) and after mRNA-vaccine booster (lane 10). B Same as ( A ), but for antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) measured in phagocytic A.U. C Same as ( A ) but for antibody-dependent monocytic cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) measured in phagocytic A.U. D Same as ( A ) but for the Primary natural killer (NK) cells activities measured for percent expression of MIP1b (top) and CD107a (bottom). Shown are box and whiskers, along with individual data points, which represent the mean of individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). The whisker above the box plot extends from the top quartile to the highest actual value that is within the 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. The whisker below the box plot extends from the lower quartile to the lowest actual value that is within 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. Note that Y-axis scales are not the same. All samples were assayed in technical quadruplicates with a minimum of three independent donors. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for all panels (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All Kruskal–Wallis tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. See also Supplementary Fig. . Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant RBD , Sino Biological , 40592-V08H115.

Techniques: Expressing, Whisker Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of reagents and resources used in this study

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant RBD , Sino Biological , 40592-V08H115.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Variant Assay, Chromatography, Software, Luminex

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Scheme for vaccination series and subsequent systems serology analysis. Participants who received two doses of the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac were boosted with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. As controls, the two-dose mRNA vaccine recipients were also analyzed. Sera were collected at various time points and systems serology assays were conducted (see Table for specific days of sample collections). B Spike- (left) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (right) specific IgG1 levels for SARS-CoV-2 WT and early VOCs (Alpha and Beta) were quantified in the baseline (prior to immunization, white, lane 1), 1- and 2-dose BNT162b2 mRNA (blue, lanes 2 and 3, waning periods in lanes 4 and 5), 1- and 2-dose CoronaVac (gray, lanes 6 and 7, waning periods in lanes 8 and 9) via Luminex systems serology. Y -axis represents the MFI of binding in arbitrary units (A.U.) of a specific antigen. Shown are box and whiskers, along with individual data points, which represent the mean of individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). The whisker above the box plot extends from the top quartile to the highest actual value that is within the 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. The whisker below the box plot extends from the lower quartile to the lowest actual value that is within 75 th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. C Same as ( B ), but for latter VOC (Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) of SARS-CoV-2 VOC. All samples were assayed in technical duplicates. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for all panels (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All Kruskal–Wallis tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. See also Supplementary Fig. . Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant S , Sino Biological , 40589-V08B16.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Luminex, Whisker Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – D FcR antibody binding towards WT SARS-CoV-2 Spike was quantified in the baseline (prior to immunization, white, lane 1), 1- and 2-dose BNT162b2 mRNA (blue, lanes 2 and 3, waning periods in lanes 4 and 5), 1- and 2-dose CoronaVac (gray, lanes 6 and 7, waning periods in lanes 8 and 9) via Luminex systems serology. Y-axis represents the MFI of binding full-length WT SARS-CoV-2 Spike. Shown are box and whiskers, along with individual data points, which represent the mean of individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). The whisker above the box plot extends from the top quartile to the highest actual value that is within the 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. The whisker below the box plot extends from the lower quartile to the lowest actual value that is within 25th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. ( A ) FcγRIIA, ( B ) FcγRIIB, ( C ) FcγRIIIA, and ( D ) FcγRIIIB. E – H Same as ( A – D) , but for SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Note that Y -axis scales are not the same. All samples were assayed in technical duplicates. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for all panels (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All Kruskal–Wallis tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. The samples were assayed in technical duplicates. See also Supplementary Fig. for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and control results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant S , Sino Biological , 40589-V08B16.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Luminex, Whisker Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Spike-specific IgG1 levels were measured at peak immunogenicity following the two-dose CoronaVac vaccination series (lane 1), during waning periods (lanes 2 and 3), and after mRNA boost (lane 4) for SARS-CoV-2 VOC (color legend shown on right). The Y -axis represents the MFI of the Spike from the VOC. Shown are means (solid line) with SEM for each VOC in the corresponding color in the shaded region. B Same as ( A ), but for the receptor-binding domains (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 VOC. C Heatmap representation of binding for full-length Spike by antibody-subclasses and -isotypes and Fcγ-receptor complexes. Shown on the left are the description of CoronaVac doses, the subsequent waning period, and mRNA-vaccine booster, and on the right are the SARS-CoV-2 VOC or WT. The scale bar is shown to the right of the heatmap and represents MFI over baseline values. The values in each region represent the mean of values from individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). D Same as ( C ), but for the RBD of WT SARS-CoV-2 and VOC. The samples were assayed in technical duplicates. See also Supplementary Fig. . Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant S , Sino Biological , 40589-V08B16.

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A (Left) Antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) activities measured in fluorescent arbitrary units (A.U.) against the WT SARS-CoV-2 Spike (left) and Omicron Spike were quantified in the baseline (prior to immunization, white, lane 1), 1- and 2-dose BNT162b2 mRNA (blue, lanes 2 and 3, waning periods in lanes 4 and 5), 1- and 2-dose CoronaVac (gray, lanes 6 and 7, waning periods in lanes 8 and 9) and after mRNA-vaccine booster (lane 10). B Same as ( A ), but for antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) measured in phagocytic A.U. C Same as ( A ) but for antibody-dependent monocytic cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) measured in phagocytic A.U. D Same as ( A ) but for the Primary natural killer (NK) cells activities measured for percent expression of MIP1b (top) and CD107a (bottom). Shown are box and whiskers, along with individual data points, which represent the mean of individual participants from each vaccine group (BNT162b2, n = 15 and CoronaVac, n = 34). The whisker above the box plot extends from the top quartile to the highest actual value that is within the 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. The whisker below the box plot extends from the lower quartile to the lowest actual value that is within 75th percentile + 1.5 * interquartile range. Note that Y-axis scales are not the same. All samples were assayed in technical quadruplicates with a minimum of three independent donors. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for all panels (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). All Kruskal–Wallis tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. See also Supplementary Fig. . Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant S , Sino Biological , 40589-V08B16.

Techniques: Expressing, Whisker Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Waning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39189-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of reagents and resources used in this study

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant S , Sino Biological , 40589-V08B16.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Variant Assay, Chromatography, Software, Luminex

Journal: ACS Sensors

Article Title: Discovery of Peptidic Ligands against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Their Use in the Development of a Highly Sensitive Personal Use Colorimetric COVID-19 Biosensor

doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02386

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Two-step OBOC combinatorial peptide library screening for SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein affinity peptides using enzyme-linked colorimetric staining to visualize positive beads. (b) Preparation of biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein by grafting the affinity peptide onto the PVA-co-PE porous nanofibrous substrate and detection with the enzyme-linked colorimetric reaction.

Article Snippet: The wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (Catalog No. 40592-V08B, C-His-tag) and Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (L452R, T478K) (Catalog No. 40592-V08H90) were purchased from Sino Biological (Wayne, PA).

Techniques: Library Screening, Staining

Journal: ACS Sensors

Article Title: Discovery of Peptidic Ligands against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Their Use in the Development of a Highly Sensitive Personal Use Colorimetric COVID-19 Biosensor

doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02386

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding affinities of SARS-CoV-2 binding peptides. (a) CoV6-2, the peptide with the highest affinity (170 nM) identified from the initial screening of diverse random OBOC peptide libraries. (b) Positive hits obtained from focused libraries screened under more stringent conditions. (c) Chemical structure of biotinylated peptides L10-2 and reference peptides reported by Pentelute et al. and the BLI assay that characterizes the binding kinetics.

Article Snippet: The wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (Catalog No. 40592-V08B, C-His-tag) and Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (L452R, T478K) (Catalog No. 40592-V08H90) were purchased from Sino Biological (Wayne, PA).

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: ACS Sensors

Article Title: Discovery of Peptidic Ligands against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Their Use in the Development of a Highly Sensitive Personal Use Colorimetric COVID-19 Biosensor

doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02386

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sensitivity of the colorimetric spike protein assay. (a) Optical images of nanofibrous membranes in the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein over a range of protein levels. (b) Corresponding B / B 0 value and SARS-CoV-2 S-protein concentration. By examining color intensity via Photoshop software following the equation of B / B 0 = ( R max – R x )/( R max – R 0 ), where R max is the R -value of the negative control group (no HRP), R 0 is the R -value of the positive control group (without blocking), and R x is R -value at a specific concentration of the S-protein. (c) Linear equation for the colorimetric assay was fitted to be y = 0.0036 x + 0.0843 ( R 2 = 0.9867) between 1 and 100 ng/mL. The lowest distinguishable (via Photoshop) concentration of the S-protein was 1 ppb, and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be around 18.3 ng/mL using the equation of LOD = 3.3σ/ S , where σ is the standard deviation of the response and S is the slope of the calibration curve.

Article Snippet: The wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (Catalog No. 40592-V08B, C-His-tag) and Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (L452R, T478K) (Catalog No. 40592-V08H90) were purchased from Sino Biological (Wayne, PA).

Techniques: Protein Concentration, Software, Negative Control, Positive Control, Blocking Assay, Concentration Assay, Colorimetric Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: ACS Sensors

Article Title: Discovery of Peptidic Ligands against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Their Use in the Development of a Highly Sensitive Personal Use Colorimetric COVID-19 Biosensor

doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02386

Figure Lengend Snippet: Corresponding B / B 0 value of (a) Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and (b) saliva spiked with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins over a range of concentrations.

Article Snippet: The wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (Catalog No. 40592-V08B, C-His-tag) and Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (L452R, T478K) (Catalog No. 40592-V08H90) were purchased from Sino Biological (Wayne, PA).

Techniques: Variant Assay